Licea,+A.


 * Science Project Powerpoint **

 

//**Science Project Topic**// //**1.) Snow- What happens when it melts, what it contains. Structure of snowflakes**//

**//Problem Statement - When snow melts, what occurs? What does snow occur chemically (inside)? What is the structure of snowflakes?//****//Hypothesis - If snow melts, it forms into a liquid. It changes the state of matter to a solid to a liquid. This event can support in the formation of dew. Inside, I hypothesize that snow has water molecules. The structure of snowflakes is water and ice crystals.//** **//Research Paper//** ** Introduction **

** The topic chosen for the science project is ‘Snow- What happens when it melts, what does it contain and what is the structure of snowflakes. The problem statement is When snow melts, what occurs? What does snow occur chemically (inside)? What is the structure of snowflakes? The hypothesis is if snow melts, it forms into a liquid. It changes the state of matter to a solid to a liquid. This event can support in the formation of dew. Inside, I hypothesize that snow has water molecules. The structure of snowflakes is water and ice crystals. **

** What is Snow? **

**// Snow is a form of rain (precipitation) //****. It can turn into a liquid or a solid. Snow has a inside structure of ice particles from clouds. Snowflakes can fall as different forms. Ice pellets, graupel and snow grains are forms of snowflakes. Snowfall and its melted form can be measured with different types of rain gauges. When snow is falling, the process is called //snowfall,// **

** The Forms of Snow **

** When snow falls on the ground, it can be described as soft and fluffy, granular when the start of the cycle of melting and refreezing, and over a period of time, ice ‘packs it down’. After multiple cycles of melting and refreezing, the snow forms into a dense mass of snow pack. When the snow is in a powdery form, snow travels with the wind from the place where the snow originally fell, forming deposits named //snowdrifts//, which may have a depth of one or more meters. After falling onto hillsides, snow that was blown by the wind can be changed to a //snowslab,// which can be a avalanche hazard/caution on steep slopes. The presence of a snowpack can keep temperatures cooler and colder than they would be without the existence of a snowpack, __as the whiteness of the snow reflects most sunlight, and the heat that was reflected goes into the process of melting snow rather than increasing the surrounding area’s or the snow’s temperature.__ The water form of snowfall is measured to see how much liquid is present to flood rivers from meltwater which will take place in the next and upcoming spring. Snow can protect crops from extreme cold in the winter. If snowfall stays on the ground for a certain period of years undisturbed, the snowpack will form into a giant sheet of ice dubbed as a __glacier.__ Newly fallen snow can absorb sound, lowering the noise and sound over a landscape due because the surrounded air between snowflakes causes vibration. These qualities quickly minimize and travel backwards, and once a layer of __cold rain, also dubbed as freezing rain,__ falls on top of snow. Someone walking over snowfall can cause a squeaking sound due to low temperatures. **

** The balance of energy from the snow is dictated by several heat exchanging processes. The snowpack reflects and absorbs solar shortwave radiation that is partially covered by cloud cover and reflected by the snow’s surface. A heat exchange with long waves occurs between the snowpack and its surrounding environment that includes overlying air mass, tree cover and the clouds. Heat exchange can take place by convection through the snowpack and the overlying air mass, and it is ruled by the temperature and wind. Exchanges of moisture between the snowpack and the overlying air mass is heat exchange that takes place by conduction between the snowpack and the ground. The petite temperature change from before to after a snowfall event is the result of a heat transfer between the snowpack and the surrounding air. **

** The term __snow storm__ can have a description of a very heavy snowfall while a __blizzard__ is a mixture of snow and wind. __Snow shower__ is a term for a medium snowfall, while flurry is a term used for describing very light, short snowfalls. Snow can fall more than one meter at a time during a single storm in areas that have no hills, or mountains (flat) and meters in jagged and rugged terrain, such as mountains. When snow falls in certain and different qualities, traveling by feet, car, air travel and other ways of travel, becomes restricted. However, uses of other automobiles are available: snowmobiles, snowshoes, skis and snowboards. When heavy snowfall occurs in autumn (or, rarely, in late spring), certain damage is occurred in trees. Areas with certain types of snow each year can have a storage for snow dubbed as an __icehouse,__ which is used to cool structures and organisms during the upcoming summer. Snow has been observed on Venus, on of our neighboring planets, although it has a structure of metallic substances and has higher temperatures. **

** What Is The Cause Of Snow? **

**__ Extratropical cyclones __**** can bring in cold and harsh weather conditions with heavy rains and snows with harsh winds, passing 119 km/ h. The type of precipitation that has a relation to a warm front is sometimes extensive, forced upwards by a weak vertical motion of air that is over the frontal boundary which condensation can occur and produces precipitation that falls from nimbostratus clouds. **

** Snowflakes **

** Snow crystals can form when tiny cooled cloud droplets freeze. These same droplets are able to contain and remain temperatures lower than -18 degrees C, because to freeze, a few molecules in the droplet need to join to arrange that has a relation to an ice lattice; then, the droplets freezes around its ‘nucleus’. Experiments and investigations show that freezing of cloud droplets near the nucleus can only occur when there is temperatures lower than -35 degrees C. In warmer clouds, an aerosol particle or ‘ice nucleus’ must have made contact with the droplet to have a role as a nucleus. Ice nuclei (multiple nucleus’) are extremely rare, given a comparison to cloud condensation on which water droplets form. Fake nuclei particles are particles of silver iodide and dry ice, and these are used to support cloud seeding. **

** The shape of a snowflake is determined by the humidity, temperature and location of where the snowflake was formed. A snowflake consists of 10 (exponent 19) water molecules, added to a effect of its core at different rates and patterns, depending on changing temperatures and humidity levels. **

** Types of Snow ** ** Types of snow can by described by the shape of the flake, the rate of accumulation, and the way the snow gathers on land. Snow that falls in the form of a ball is graupel, and types of graupel include ice pellets and snow pellets. Snow fences are built to help in highway traffic during heavy snowfall. A frozen type of dew dubbed as hoar frost is another type of snow. **

** The intensity of a snowfall is judged by its visibility. Other types of snow is snowstorms, snow showers, snow flurry, blizzard, and ground blizzards (created by blowing winds). Snow flurries are the weakest events of snowfall, with blizzards and types of blizzards being the strongest events of snowfall. **

** Factors **

** The factors of snow is the sunlight, humidity and temperature, location, clouds, precipitation, shapes of snowflakes, rate of accumulation of a snowflake and the type of snow. Also, the speed of wind and how long it takes for snow to form. **


 * Hello, my name is Ashley L, and here are some of my favorite subjects.**
 * I've always had a knack for literature. Reading, writing, spelling, poems, books, grammar. Anything that falls into the literature category.**
 * My favorite topics in science is Space science. I've been fascinated with the cosmos. Stars, comets, meteors, and the Big Bang especially.**
 * My least favorite topics in science is Earth science. I don't find it interesting, except for learning about water and the Earth's water.**


 * My interests are :**


 * **Literature**
 * **TV - Specifically mysteries and crime drama. My favorite would be Without a Trace and Pretty Little Liars.**
 * **Video games**


 * This year I would like to learn more about the cosmos, every topic on space. Also, I would like to learn about the Earth's water.**